Handbook Table of Contents > Creating a Positive Environment > Managing Difficult Events
Indiana University Teaching Handbook
Creating a Positive Environment
Managing Difficult Events
Teaching in the Face of Tragedy
Upsetting and sometimes tragic events occurring locally, nationally, and internationally can divert attention away from day-to-day learning and teaching. Instructors are faced with not only coping with the events themselves but also managing the responses of their students. In response to previous tragic events, the higher education community has developed resources to help instructors address the concerns of their students.
Whether and how to broach the subject of a tragedy is always at the instructor’s discretion. However, as a most basic response, acknowledging the event in class in a humane way can help students cope and help them focus on their coursework. Students can find a total lack of response from their instructors frustrating and disappointing. Furthermore, many students find it unhelpful for an instructor to say that the “class has to go on” or that “there is nothing we can do” without offering additional comment. An instructor does not have to have a discussion about the event in class, especially if he or she feels it is unrelated to the class topic or if he or she feels unprepared to have such a challenging discussion. However, there are simple teaching strategies which students find helpful during times of crisis: (1)
- Offer extensions to students who request them.
- Offer to add review sessions or to revisit class information at a later date.
- Allow a minute or two of silence before proceeding with the course material.
- Give students a few minutes to write their thoughts down about the event. Instructors don’t need to collect these writings; they can simply be placeholders for students’ thoughts so that they can focus on the course material.
- Read an inspirational passage.
- Remind students of support structures on campus which are equipped to manage students in stress or shock. Counseling and Psychological Services (CaPS: http://healthcenter.indiana.edu/caps/) offers walk-in service for students who need help.
If you chose to have a discussion about the tragedy in class, set up discussion structures that support the emotional and psychological safety of students in the class. Check out the University of Michigan’s guide for leading discussions about tragic events: http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/tragedydiscussion.html.
If a student ever makes the instructor or another student feel unsafe, appropriate university support should be contacted immediately, including campus police (dial 911). In particular, if a student becomes disruptive (e.g., refuses to quit talking; blocks an entry way; throws things; uses profane, intimidating, or abusive language; repeatedly interrupts others' speech; moves within the classroom without authorization) an instructor should first request compliance from the student, and, if it is not received, he/she may dismiss the student for the remainder of the class period. The student is expected to accede to this request and may subsequently contest this action using procedures established within each unit. If the student fails to leave after being directed to do so, the instructor should enlist the support of other university personnel (faculty members, academic administrators, and campus police) to help resolve the situation. Physical force, including touching, must be avoided, and the instructor must judge, based on the nature of the disruption, whether the class period can continue once the offending student departs. (2) If a disruptive student is armed, a person in the room should contact 911 immediately. If there is no possibility of escape or hiding in a locked room, negotiating with the armed student may be possible. Attempts at overpowering the student should be a last resort. (3)
More about the university’s guidelines for the roles and responsibilities of students and instructors the classroom:
- Expectations of student behavior published in the Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities, and Conduct from the Dean of Students: http://dsa.indiana.edu/Code/Part_2pers.html
- Guidelines for instructors for dealing with disruptive students from the University Faculty Council: http://www.indiana.edu/~ufc/docs/AY05/Circulars/U10-2005.approved.htm.
If you would like to talk more specifically about how to teach in the face of tragedy, please contact Campus Instructional Consulting at teaching@indiana.edu or 855-9023.
1. Huston, T. A., & DiPietro, M. (2007). In the eye of the storm: Students perceptions of helpful faculty actions following a collective tragedy. In D. R. Robertson & L. B. Nilson (Eds.) To Improve the Academy: Vol 25.Resources for faculty, instructional, and organizational development (pp. 207-224). Bolton, MA: Anker.
2. Guidelines for Dealing with Disruptive Students in Academic Settings, Section IB. Guidelines for In-Class Settings: Disruption within Class Period, http://www.indiana.edu/~ufc/docs/AY05/Circulars/U10-2005.approved.htm.
3. Emergency Procedures Handbook guidelines for handling armed subjects from the Office of Risk Management: http://129.79.26.55/orm/SiteMap2.cfm?todo=HandbookArmed.
